Chapter - 2
HTML - What You Need to Know

What is HTML?

• HTML means HyperText Markup Language.
• You use it to make the content and structure of web pages.
• HyperText: Lets you make clickable links to jump around pages.
• Markup Language: You add special "tags" to plain text to show what each part means (like a title, paragraph, or link).

How Do You Write and Run HTML?

• Write HTML code in files that end with .html (like index.html).
• Use any text editor (like Visual Studio Code - a free code editor).
• To view your work, just open the file in a web browser.

Core Building Blocks

1. Headings <h1> to <h6>

   • Like chapter titles and sub-titles in a book.
   • <h1> is the main heading (biggest and most important), <h2> is a section heading under that, and so on down to <h6> (smallest).
   • Use these to give your page clear structure (helps humans and search engines).
   

2. Paragraphs <p>

   • Use <p> for regular text - just like normal paragraphs in a book.
   • Browsers automatically add some space before and after each paragraph.
   

3. Horizontal Rule <hr>

   • Creates a clear line across the page to show a separation between sections.
   • Think of this as drawing a divider between topics.
   

4. Line Break <br>

   • Tells the browser to go to a new line (like pressing “Enter” just once).
   • Use for things like addresses or poems where you want single lines to break.
   

5. Lists: <ul>,<ol>and<li>

   • Unordered List (<ul>): Bulleted list.
   • Ordered List (<ol>): Numbered list,Capital Alphabats and small alphabets are also used as a type.
   • Each item goes inside an <li> tag.
   

6. Links (Anchor Tag <a>)

   • The tag that makes hypertext - clickable links to other websites, files, or pages.
   • Needs an href attribute (the link destination).
   • Optionally, use target="_blank" to open in a new tab.
   • Example:
     • Apple see an apple
     • Orange see an Orange
     • Mango see a mango
   

7. Images <img>

   • Use p for regular text - just like normal paragraphs in a book.
   • Needs a src (where the image is) and alt (text description for screen readers or if the image fails to load).
   • Example:
     
   

Important Concepts

• Tags = Keywords inside angle brackets (<tag>). Most tags need both opening (<p>) and closing (</p>) pairs, but some (like hr and img) don't.
• Nesting - Putting tags inside other tags (like list items inside a list).

How HTML Works in the Browser

• Browser reads your HTML file and uses the tags to know what each part is (titles, paragraphs, images, links, etc.).
• The browser ignores extra spaces and line breaks in the code, unless told otherwise with tags like <br> and <pre>.

More References: